Dropbox Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dropbox - Essay Example Examination: Houston and Ferdowsi accepted that their item was interesting and most easy to understand, without having the clients the need to get familiar with its utilization, but amazingly valuable to its clients. Houston accepted that something like the Dropbox innovation is required by each person that works or uses PC innovation, despite the fact that individuals can work without this one; in any case, Dropbox would make their PC based work and exercises bother free and empower people to get to their records/data/information from some other framework and from anyplace on the planet. The most testing viewpoint for Dropbox is to procure buyers that had faith in the ease of use, exactness, and requirement for Dropbox innovation. The most significant and testing part of bringing Dropbox to buyers is to go up against the savage rivalry that previously existed in the market in different structures. There were items that gave reinforcement; shielded information from danger of misfortune, programmers, harm and so on; transfer information onto the web for future access from whenever and wherever. Dropbox needed to consolidate all highlights of the competitors’ items so as to enter the market and support. Dropbox utilized negligible showcasing techniques so as to maintain a strategic distance from extra expenses and concentrated on furnishing extra use highlights with their item. This positively was an intense test contrasted with its opponents, as Carbonite and Mozy, which contributed vigorously on promoting through different media. Dropbox depends on an alternate sort of plan of action that included different other innovative organizations in building this item. Furthermore, advancement through screencast onto the Hacker News pulled in massive input from beta clients on convenience and highlights of Dropbox. This action likewise pulled in some subsidizing from Y Combinator, which further advanced Dropbox by directing a demo day to bigger organizations. This aided in pulling in assets just as shoppers.

Major Differencies Between Eastern and Western Philosophies as the Basis for Adult Education Essay

Western way of thinking has its foundations in Athens, Rome and Judeo ­Christianity while Eastern way of thinking is gotten from Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism. As Greek and Latin are to Western civilisation, so traditional Chinese is to East Asian civilisation. I will concentrate on four significant contrasts among Eastern and Western methods of reasoning. 1. Western Individualism and Eastern Collectivism In the Grecoâ€'Roman custom, the picture of Prometheus capably shows the battle for singular opportunity. Prometheus had conflicted with Zeus, the almighty god who managed the sky from Mt. Olympus. Prometheus irritated Zeus by making individuals. To shield the individuals from Zeus, he took fire from Hephaestos, the blackmith god and offered it to the people. This maddened Zeus to the degree that Prometheus was affixed to a stone and a hawk detached his liver. In European awareness, Prometheus had become the saint who: â€Å"†¦defied the male controlled society for the sake of individual opportunity, who brought light into our obscurity. He was simply the guardian angel who yielded for humanity, the advocate who brought the endowment of innovation down from paradise, the instructor who instructed us that we are not at the impulses of the divine beings any more, who showed us the best way to utilize our knowledge to assume responsibility for the world†. The Christian custom has likewise strengthened the idea of individual rights. The Bible talks about God making Man in His own picture and letting him â€Å"have domain over the fish of the ocean, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cows and over all the earth, and each crawling thing that creeps upon the earth† (Genesis 1:26). By correlation, the Chinese live in a universe of commitments: â€Å"†¦obligations to serve the ruler, commitments to work for the family, commitments to obey older folks, commitments to support family members, commitments to do well to celebrate the name of precursors, commitments to safeguard the nation in a tough situation, and commitments to oneself to develop one’s own goodness. It would likewise appear that rights just have a place with one individual â€' the Son of Heaven. Confucianism advances conservatism and this smothers inventiveness and loots the individuals of selfâ€'introspection. 2. Fragmentary and Holistic As indicated by Fritjof Capra, the accentuation of levelheaded idea is encapsulated in Descartes’ observed statement,’Cognito, hence sum’ â€' ‘I think, subsequently, I exist.’ This has powerfully urged Westerners to compare their personality with their sane brain as opposed to with the entire living being. This division between the psyche and the body has prompted a perspective on the universe as a mechanical framework comprising of isolated articles, which thus were diminished to principal building hinders whose properties and cooperations were thought to totally decide every single normal marvel. This robotic origination of the entire world is as yet the premise of the greater part of our sciences and keeps on affecting our lives. Scholarly trains become divided and this has filled in as a basis for regarding the universe as though it comprised of discrete parts to be abused by various gatherings. The substance of the Eastern world view is the attention to the solidarity and the common interâ€'relation of all things and occasions, the experience of all wonders on the planet as appearance of an essential unity. Everything is viewed as autonomous and indivisible pieces of a vast entire, as various appearances of a similar extreme reality. The Eastern customs allude to this extreme, indissoluble reality as Brahman in Hinduism, Dharmakaya in Buddhism and Tao in Taoism. 3. Strife and Harmony The Marxist perspective on history considered change to be emerging from a ‘dialectic ‘interplay of alternate extremes â€'hence class battle and struggle. Western civilisation put together itself with respect to the battle between the Good and Evil, God and Satan or Psyche and Cupid. Eastern philosophical idea depends on this thought of the Yin and the Yang. Frithjof Capra depicts the Yang as the strong,male innovative force related with Heaven while yin is the dark,receptive, female and maternal component. The dim yin and the brilliant yang are orchestrated in a balanced way. They are dynamic â€' a pivoting balance proposing mightily a ceaseless cyclic movement.The two dabs in the outline represent the possibility that every single one of the powers arrives at its outrageous, it contains in itself the seed of the opposite.’Life’ says Chuang Tzu’is the mixed congruity of the yin and the yang.’ Taoism pervades the financial and public activities of the Chinese through geomancy, qigong, Chinese medication and symbol venerate. As Chan observes:†Almost each inn, office and business developing that includes gone inside the most recent decade sticks to specific standards of geomancy or â€Å"Fengshui† â€' the craftsmanship and study of blending man and nature. 4. Vision and Pragmatism. The Western thought of majority rule government doesn't fit into the Eastern plan of things without any problem. In a meeting by the Daily Telegraph on 16 October 1989 the previous Prime Minister commented that: I think in a primarily Chinese electorate, the possibility of a steadfast resistance and an elective government doesn't come without any problem. You’re either possibly in support of the administration. The Confucianistic thought of social chain of importance where a person’s presence is social, reaching out from his family, society and nation. The sober mindedness of the East is exemplied in the manner Confucianism has been utilized to underscore request through social chain of importance and the standards and shows. Taoism gave the importance of life and consequently praise Confucianism. Confucius lectured the teaching of the present time and place. The accentuation is one of â€Å"life and life† and not â€Å"life and death.† The sage wanted to â€Å"hear the correct path in the first part of the day, and kick the bucket at night without lament. â€Å"What establishes the framework of life for the Chinese is the family and the continuation of the family additionally implies the passing on of understanding, culture and thought. The Taoists has an equivalent perspective on life and demise considering life to be passing as the returning out and going of a human type of presence. Chuang Tsu talks of â€Å"coming and going â€Å". Lao Tzu said,†out to life, in to death.† The essence of the issue is to make the best of the present.

Trait Theory of Leadership Guide

Trait Theory of Leadership Guide Leadership is often portrayed as something that sets you apart from the crowd. Something that makes you stand out as better than others.This means that as you strive to become a great leader, you start working on achieving the skills you don’t have. You endeavor to perfect yourself, often to become what other people will call a great leader.Leadership stems from the inside as it seeks to achieve a goal. This goal is never for personal gain but always for the greater good. As much as the leader will benefit in leading others, the most important thing for him is to see the lives of others changed for the better.With fewer leaders than followers, many would desire to become leaders. The reasons abound: social status, more money, perceived ability to make people do what you want done etc.But what is leadership really about?Leadership has earned itself many different meanings over the years. Not because it keeps changing but because there are many ways of looking at it.Various explanati ons have been given as to how leadership came into being and how to spot a leader from a distance. These are more commonly known as theories of leadership.In this guide, we will discuss the Trait Theory of leadership. You will learn how it came into existence, what it proposes, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the theory.THE TRAIT THEORYThe trait theory is one of the oldest theories in existence seeking to describe great leadership. It developed off the great man theory which was popularized by the Scottish philosopher and teacher Thomas Carlyle in the 1840s.Thomas Carlyle gave lectures on leadership in 1840 and cited highly influential figures of society with both divine and poetic abilities. These included Muhammad, Shakespeare, Napoleon, Cromwell and Odin (Norse Mythology).These became very popular and brought to the fore the idea that great leadership was based on certain endowments the leaders had.Having been influenced by Carlyle’s work, Francis Galton wrote a book in 1869 called Hereditary Genius, in which he described leadership as an immutable property endowed to extraordinary individuals.Apart from the qualities of leadership being immutable, Galton believed that they could also not be developed. They were simply inborn.For a long time, this line of thinking was embraced until the late 1940s when some theorists began registering different perspectives of leadership.Since the great man theory had shown the qualities of great leaders as what made them great, studies about the trait theory did not deviate from that. These studies centered on the traits exhibited by those leaders since these are what could be observed.The research and studies spanned many years but the biggest contributions towards the development of this theory were made by a few notable researchers.Below we look at some of the contributions in the order in which the findings were published. This theory enjoyed a lot of attention over the years, including being rejected at o ne point. It however got a new lease of life later and still exists in some circles.1948Ralph Melvin Stogdill makes public his conclusions of research and analyses. The analyses included work by other researchers spanning between 1907 and 1947.In this duration, Stogdill compiled many findings from various studies, including one from Smith and Kruger (1933) which had concluded that leadership occurred among all people and not just “special people.”There were two major conclusions by Stogdill as seen in his findings.#1. The number of times a trait was investigated was not directly related to its importance for leadership. He noted that some leadership traits had received more attention than others yet this did not prove that those with them were better than those with more of other traits.For example, he found the trait Technical Skills in 18 different studies. He however found the trait Intellectual Skills in only 12 studies. From his studies, technical skills were not more impor tant than intellectual skills.The importance of this was to point to specific traits which were more important than others. In narrowing down the list of traits, it would have been easier to pinpoint potential leaders. Also, it would have been easier to identify those regarded as great leaders in history.#2. The traits possessed by a leader must be relevant to the situation in which he is functioning. In essence, this meant that leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in other situations.Stogdill reached this conclusion by analyzing the group situations which had been used in many of the studies done. Whereas a certain group existed within certain situations, another existed in a different situation.Looking at the leaders in both groups showed them to have different traits exhibited as required for the situations their groups were in. This conclusion is what brought about a new perspective to leadership research.The general conclusion by Stogdill at this point was th at traits alone could not be accurately used to define a leader. The success of the leader had to be studied on the basis of both the traits he had and the situation he was in.This set the stage for widespread rejection of the trait theory as many scholars agreed that specific traits in a leader could only be useful in specific situations. As such, if someone had traits initially deemed to be leadership traits but the situation didn’t require their use, then he could not become an effective leader.After this rejection, some theories seemed to replace the trait theory. Some of them were the contingency model of leadership, managerial grid, situational leadership and transactional leadership.The traits which Stogdill concluded to be important for leadership were Intelligence, Alertness, Insight, Responsibility, Initiative, Persistence, Self-confidence and Sociability.1959Richard D. Mann, a professor at the University of Michigan conducted a study on many findings about leadership. M ann focused on the findings about personality and leadership in small groups.Although he used more than 1,400 study results, Mann did not consider situational factors as of great importance in leadership. As such, his study suggested that indeed personality traits could be used to positively distinguish leaders from non-leaders.Mann’s conclusions have been said to be tentative. All the same, his work earns a place in the history of the trait theory since from his findings, he listed some traits which he saw as important for leadership.These traits are Intelligence, Masculinity, Adjustment, Dominance, Extroversion and Conservatism.1974Studies on leadership did not stop and after his conclusions in 1948, Stogdill did more research. He analyzed 163 studies of leadership traits done between 1948 and 1970. He then compared the findings in this analysis with those he had in his initial analysis (1948).The findings he published were more balanced in terms of acknowledging the need for le adership traits as well as the role played by the situation. Interestingly, the same man whose work caused the rejection of the trait theory was now presenting evidence supporting the importance of leadership traits.Some of the key findings in comparison to his previous survey include:Physical characteristics were not important for leadership. Initially, characteristics like height and weight had been mentioned as important for a leadership position. These were however proven to be complementary to a leader but not necessary. An example of how this was not crucial for leadership is by considering basketball players. Generally, good basketball players are tall. However, that does not automatically make them great leaders. In fact, their coaches are not necessarily as tall as the players.High levels of energy contributed to the success of a leader. Highly successful leaders exhibited high levels of energy which helped the leader engage in physical activities. High energy levels also h elped in the natural motivation of followers.The age factor. Leadership was noted as something that starts early. Put differently, the potential to become a leader is evident from an early age. It had been assumed that only mature people could lead or have the ability to lead.Stogdill’s second survey showed that leaders showed signs of great achievement from an early age. And since what is evident in them is mainly their traits, this helped the theory further cement its place.The traits that Stogdill’s second survey concluded to be important for leadership are Achievement, Persistence, Insight, Initiative, Self-confidence, Responsibility, Cooperativeness, Tolerance, Influence and Sociability.1986Mann’s (1959) findings were reassessed by Lord, DeVader, Alliger (1986). They used meta-analysis to find out just how consistent the study results were. They intended to identify the traits which significantly impacted how people perceived leaders.This happened at a time when male lea dership was most prevalent in business and society. As such, it was quite natural that the traits picked would be reflective of the male gender. The traits identified by these researchers as important for leadership were Intelligence, Masculinity and Dominance.1991Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) argued in favor of the uniqueness of leaders. They stated that leaders were very different from non-leaders and the difference was in the traits they exhibited.In their conclusions, they cited a 20-year study by psychologists Ann Howard and   Douglas Bray. This study found that from a sample of ATT managers, the desire for advancement determined the attainment of success twenty years later. This was seen as drive towards success.Whereas some individual managers showed less ambition than others, one of those rated as ambitious was ready to leave the company if his aspirations were thwarted. He would also make the same move if he found the challenge lacking.They identified six traits as different iating between leaders and other people. These are Drive, Motivation, Integrity, Confidence, Cognitive Ability and Task Knowledge.2004Towards the turn of the millennium, social intelligence made it to the list of traits to be studied. It was established that an effective leader is one who was socially intelligent. This is defined as the ability of a leader to understand his own feelings as well as those of others.Part of what constituted social intelligence was social awareness, social acumen and self-monitoring. These had already been seen as being necessary for effective leadership and had been identified by several studies done on leadership traits.Zaccaro, Kemp, and Bader (2004) concluded that the traits which were important for leadership could be said to be a combination of good levels of both IQ (Cognitive Intelligence) and EQ (Emotional Intelligence).The traits they listed were Cognitive Abilities, Extroversion, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness, Agreeableness , Motivation, Social Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and Problem Solving skills.2006 and beyondThe trait theory can be said to be undergoing more development since more studies on leadership traits are being carried out. These further studies seem to be fueled by the lack of a complete list of traits needed for leadership.A major trait coming up in studies is charisma. Charisma makes you attractive. Others say it is charming, even bewitching. In itself, it is a powerful tool, at least going by how it enables those with it to gain massive loyalty and commitment from followers.Jung and Sosik (2006) reported findings from a study intended to distinguish between charismatic and non-charismatic leaders. They found that highly charismatic leaders showed high levels of self-monitoring, self-actualization, motive to attain social power and self-enhancement.One of the most popular leaders labeled as a charismatic leader was Barack Obama. He was very articulate and managed to deeply conn ect with many Americans.In other studies, Hoffman, Woehr, Maldagen-Youngjohn, Lyons (2011) found that charisma played a significant role in the success of a leader.TRAITS FOR LEADERSHIPPassing through several hands, this theory has not managed to settle on an exhaustive list of traits required to make one an effective leader.Various researchers have come up with different traits which are meant to be credentials for leadership. As mentioned earlier, the biggest challenge in adopting this theory wholeheartedly is the fact that purely on the basis of traits, an effective leader in one situation may not be as good in another.All the same, we discuss below some of the traits listed by the researchers. After that, we will look at the major strengths and weaknesses of this theory.InitiativeThis theory identified taking initiative as one of the traits required for leadership. It is obvious that not many people take initiative.This is mainly due to the fear of making a mistake. Normally, y ou wouldn’t want to be blamed when things go wrong. It is just natural that people want to stay safe. This tendency to prefer safety and maintain the status quo is what leaders lack.Leaders would rather have a solution that is not perfect then work on improving it. To them, this is way better than having a problem remain unsolved for the sake of being safe. They would rather be wrong but try out something.Watch the below video on the importance of initiative. This can also be seen as risk taking. This risk taking is however not poorly thought out. Leaders usually have more knowledge than the followers thus able to make good-enough decisions. This is possible even in situations where there isn’t a lot of information available.Leaders always subject themselves to learning and this is obviously how they get ‘extra’ knowledge. It could be the formal attendance of school or just gaining it through experience in handling many problems.Knowledge of the businessThis makes the leader stand out from the crowd in that the leader will more often than not have answers which others do not have.Before getting into a certain field or industry, any leader will normally have done his homework well. Although there can never be perfect preparation, they do it well enough to be able to run things. Apart from research, things work best if the leader has hands-on knowledge of the core business.In acquiring knowledge, you will find that leaders do not just focus on their industries only. If they did this, then they would quickly get stuck. Leaders learn about everything that affects what they are doing.For example, if he is in the manufacturing industry, he will not be interested in his competition only. He will also seek knowledge about the industry supplying him with raw materials. More than that, he will learn as much as possible about the market he sells to.It is not uncommon for leaders to be well informed about the industries which are not necessarily related to their b usiness but whose instabilities can affect him.For example, the financial sector may not have a direct relation with his business. But he understands that if there are certain risks which face that industry, they can cause the banks to come up with unfavorable terms for lending.Such knowledge which the average person may not have is what enables the leader make wise decisions, even ahead of time.Cognitive skillsThere is no doubt that leaders are smart people. Not that others aren’t, but there is a difference in the level of smartness. Part of it can be explained by some of the traits already discussed, like knowledge.Still, something else is required.Leaders have developed their minds so as to be able to provide solutions. They understand that the world is full of challenges and so they take it as their responsibility to provide solutions.Though they may not be the most educated in the specific industry, they have sufficiently developed themselves for the task at hand. Leaders wil l normally engage others who are specialized than they are but can also put in the effort to manage things with little help when necessary.Cognitive skills are easily seen when decisions need to be made. Especially in the absence of enough information about a situation. This is where quick thinking is needed, yet it also has to produce positive results.Energetic and self drivenLeaders will always have the ability to do a lot of work. Not necessarily overwork themselves, but they can go for long hours without resting. This is mostly needed when they are starting a new project or when there is an issue which needs sorting.As people who take the initiative, they naturally push themselves to the limit to get the solution that is needed. Leaders always look to establish the change that is needed for a better life.You will see them attend long meetings, work long hours, consult many experts and do a lot of research. They will be self-driven towards achieving their goals and rarely need ex ternal motivation.Although this becomes more evident during crises, leaders have this ability inside them and it sets them apart from non-leaders.During normal times, this energy is seen through the way they interact with other people. For example, leaders are rarely gloomy or lacking in motivation. They are always psyched up and ready to tackle the challenges of the day.FlexibilityIt is required that a leader should have the ability to make or adapt to changes when necessary so as to remain relevant during different times. The short video below talks of the importance of flexibility in leadership. For example, political leaders who have been in politics for a long time will always show this trait. This gives them the ability to present themselves as worthy candidates despite some apparent limitations like age.Whereas many young politicians may get into politics and capture the minds of many people, these older politicians will have a way of somehow going through a “re-birth” to maintain their public appeal.Another area of leadership that makes flexibility crucial is partnerships.As much as leaders are great, have the visions and can do a lot of work by themselves, they still need people to work with.Having the vision and being followed by people does not mean calling all the shots. In fact, such a perspective to leadership often costs the leader his followers as his influence quickly wanes.As a leader, people follow you because they believe you have their interests at heart. As such, you should always be open to hear their opinions. As much as you may even be sure that their ideas won’t work, you should be able to listen to them.In the midst of your followers, you may also have some experts in areas you are not well versed in. These people will give you thoughts and opinions which will help you achieve your goal faster or more easily.ConfidenceAt whatever level of leadership and with whatever number of followers, confidence is critical. Without confiden ce, as a leader you will not be able to express yourself well. This means that you will not be able to prove that you have the solution.If you are to take up a leadership position, you must have confidence.Without confidence, a leader will not be able to even stand before an audience to speak yet addressing people is a common requirement. When things get tough, confidence is not only required but becomes necessary to be showcased. Not only in speech but also in action.Confidence is required in all aspects of leadership. From the pursuit of more knowledge to the need to make decisions when everyone else is afraid.It is confidence that makes you decide to pursue your goals in the first place. You first become confident that you have the solution then decide to go forth and implement it.With your confidence, you are then able to rally people together and explain to them the problem and the solution you have. This is where you ask for their support. If lacking confidence, you will not b e able to do these things.Results? You will be frustrated that you have the solution to people’s problems but you cannot tell them about it. More than that, you have this burning desire inside you pushing you to follow your dreams but you are not confident enough to do it.IntegrityBeing a leader does not mean that you can do anything you want with no-one asking you questions. On the contrary, it means that you should only do what is right. Whether you are alone or in the presence of others.Integrity has two main aspects to it:Honesty â€" you have to speak the truth and act accordingly at all times. Speaking the truth means being very clear with your words and acting in line with them. This is to avoid being labeled a fraud or someone who is manipulating others for some selfish interest. Honesty must come from your heart as this is the only way to guarantee that your actions will follow through. In the absence of honesty, you have lies. When discovered to be a liar, you lose both y our credibility and much of what you have worked for so far.Accountability â€" being a leader does not give you the monopoly of control over everything. You have to be answerable to some people. Although this may seem a bit limiting, it is actually for your good because it makes you responsible.For example, as a leader, you may be given to making quick decisions which at times are not well thought out. These actions may very well bring in benefits. But since there are people who have invested in you by giving their support, they need to be comfortable with how things are progressing.As such, you may have to update them on critical situations before making a decision, share the minutes of crucial meetings and even be open to audits.You will realize the importance of accountability when an issue comes up and the people you are accountable to give evidence that you are an upright person. One who can be trusted because you do things openly.Emotional intelligenceEmotional intelligence is the ability to recognize and manage your own emotions as well as those of others. This is very important because people mainly interact from an emotional perspective and not necessarily an intellectual one.For example, when a leader in a company gets information that employees are on a go-slow, he knows that this can have a big impact in the company’s profitability. He needs to deal with the problem quickly and effectively.He finds out from the manager the reason for the go-slow. He knows what to do. He has the solution. But does he go straight into telling the employees what the solution is and implementing it? No.As much as those employees have brains and can think, what they probably want is not a solution per se. What they want is to know and feel that their needs are being taken care of. Therefore, they want to be listened to and feel understood.The importance of this is that the leader may not even need to implement anything.If the employees are angry and are carrying out d emonstrations, he needs to first of all recognize that emotions are at work. At this point, he needs to keep his own emotions in check lest the employees interpret his interaction with them as unreasonable and dictatorial.Only the leader who has emotional intelligence will be able to calm people down when they are angry, motivate them when they are low and encourage them when they are downcast. These are common situations in every leader’s life.Here’s a video on emotional intelligence and its four dimensions. STRENGTHS OF THE THEORYThe trait theory of leadership has several strengths which make it worth mentioning every time there is a discussion on leadership theories. These are:Supports the general idea that leaders are distinctiveThis theory does not try to show that anyone can become a leader. Since great leaders achieve goals others can only dream of, they often come across as a somewhat special kind of people.There will always be a lot of marvel at the abilities which lead ers exhibit and their followers always speak well of them. This confirms the generally-accepted premise that leadership is not for everyone.Supporting this line of thought makes this theory stand well with many people.It is supported by a lot of researchThis theory enjoyed a lot of research and gained widespread acceptance as a result of it.This is usually the norm with any subject that receives a lot of attention. And in the case of this theory, the various people who devoted time to study it generally agreed on the basics. The only part of it where there were some variations was in the specific traits for leadership.Provides a benchmark for identifying leadersProviding specific traits was an obvious win for this trait. It made it possible to pinpoint potential leaders because they had certain traits.At the same time, although the theory fronts the idea that leaders are born and not made, it was still possible to nurture the traits identified. Also, anyone who felt like they were m eant to be leaders could use the traits identified as a sort of yardstick by which to gauge his potential.WEAKNESSES OF THE THEORYNothing under the sun is perfect. As good as the trait theory was, it had its own shortcomings. These are what critics picked on. Below are some of the weaknesses of the trait theory.The list of traits is not exhaustive â€" whereas the theorists agreed on the basics of the theory, they provided slightly different lists of traits. With some lists being longer than others, this theory has largely been criticized for being too general.All the focus is on the leader â€" although great leaders have various skills to help them in their roles, situations also determine the level of success a leader achieves. This theory does not factor in situations and so cannot adequately compare between two leaders in different situations. Also, the people being led matter. There are those who are easy to lead while others are difficult. At the same time, the traits are not a bsolute but relative. The traits can vary in degree and no-one can have 100% of all the traits identified.Leadership training and improvement is impossible â€" since the theory states that the traits are innate, it becomes impossible to talk of training or helping a leader become better. This wrongly implies that as long as the traits identify a leader, then he is good to go.Some traits are not really innate â€" some of the traits identified are not actually inborn. For example, self-confidence can be developed. This makes the theory subject to a lot of reasonable and scientific criticism, reducing the extent to which it can be embraced.Traits do not guarantee a leader’s effectiveness â€" Judge, Piccolo, Kosalka (2009) concluded that whereas a leader’s traits are openly visible to the followers, they do not offer any assurance that the individual will be an effective leader.This is true especially when you consider that first of all, no single person possesses all the traits id entified. Secondly, when situations change, the current leader may need to utilize some of the traits which he doesn’t have.SELF-TESTThere is a way to assess whether you are a potential leader. This particular method works by checking your abilities as per the traits identified by this theory.To ensure you have the right perspective towards your abilities, this test provides a questionnaire to be answered by you and five other people.The other people are those who know you and could be either friends, family or colleagues at work. You can take it to learn where you stand as far as the leadership traits are concerned.CONCLUSIONAs one of the oldest leadership theories, the trait theory has definitely had its mark on the study of leadership.The fact that it boasts over a century of research has given it a lot of strength but it still attracted criticism.This is normal as no single theory can be perfect.

Childhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children - 985 Words

Despite recent declines in the prevalence among preschool-aged children, obesity among children is still too high. For children and adolescents aged 2-19 years, the prevalence of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% and affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents for the past decade (CDC). Childhood obesity does not only affect children, but also has many long term health effects on our children as they get older, including, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both childhood and adulthood. (2). Researchers estimate that if obesity trends continue, obesity related medical costs, alone, could rise by $43 to $66 billion each year in the United States by 2030. (1) A major factor in childhood obesity is the inadequate amount of physical activity children are getting, as well as the school lunches that are being provided to the kids. The accessibility of competitive foods which includes things like vending machines, student stores and items a la carte in schools has been linked with negative dietary behaviors, including higher saturated fat intake, higher sweetened beverage intake, and less fruit and vegetable intake,(3) thus resulting in obesity among our children and adolescents. Research suggests that by making sure children are getting healthy school meals and getting enough physical activity in their day it will decrease their chances of having childhood obesity (3). The purpose of this review was to determine the role, school lunches and physicalShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors adopted by children affect their mental and physical health. Studies have shown that there is a link between what children see in advertisements and the lifestyle choices they make. Studies also showed that children who viewed advertisements showing healthy eating were more likely to engage in healthy eating habits (Carter and Maria). There are large amounts of advertisements for foods and drinks hig h in fat and sugar. Many studies show that there is a link between childhood obesity and advertisingRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On Children1273 Words   |  6 Pagesincline, childhood obesity is one of the most important issue. Often times, parents are willing to do anything for their child with the idea that it is â€Å"healthy.† When they figure out that not everything is healthy, some even take efforts to sue the company. Parents do not realize the underlying factors that cause this type of obesity. Childhood obesity can be a result of many factors in this upcoming society. Many consider genetics and hormonal development as a proof for childhood obesity. HoweverRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1093 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity is a serious, sometimes fatal condition in which a person is significantly overweight for his or her age and height. Many children suffer from this condition all over the world. Childhood obesity is one of the mo st increasing health threats that the United States faces. Many researchers ask how children get to be so overly obese and unhealthy. They have come up with ways to somehow prevent it; however, the rates of the growing disease have grown rapidly over the years. It causes many problemsRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1727 Words   |  7 PagesEnding Childhood Obesity Juanita was born at an average weight of six pounds, but now at 10-months-old she weights a whopping 44 pounds. Juanita has gained over seven times her original weight and is at the weight of an average five year old. Doctors say by age two or three Juanita could develop type two diabetes (She Was Just Ten Months). Unfortunately, this is not a rare for many children all over the world; many children suffer from the exact same situation Juanita has been put into. ChildhoodRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity introduce In addition to the physical harm, obesity and negative psychological impact on children. This is a high risk factors of childhood obesity, which can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obese children always lower than that of healthy children intelligence and operators. Their activities, learning and communication ability is very low, and their depression and low self-esteem can make the children s sensitivity to interpersonalRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children920 Words   |  4 PagesAccess to fresh fruits, vegetables and nutritious meals is an important component in combating childhood obesity. Socioeconomic conditions can limit access to quality food for many children. Without the ability to consume nutritious, low calorie food portions children are at risk for developing health conditions. In 2011, 20.6% of households with children in the U.S. have experienced food insecurity and it has been associated with negative health and development outcomes including more frequentRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children945 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that childhood obesity has tripled in last 30 years? According to Spark, a web site about childhood obesity, a child is considered obese if their BMI(Body Mass Index) is 30 or higher. This is a serious medical condition. It can lead to a variety of serious diseases and have physiological and psycological impact on the children, moreover it can cause issues in their social lives. Childhood obesity is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. Home, schools, and the communityRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On Children1614 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Obesity has become one of the leading causes of death in our nation today. Sadly, our society in whole is one of the heaviest. Putting an emp hasis on the fact that â€Å"obesity rates among children of all ages are dramatically higher then they were a generation ago† (Green). Society has made it, with little to no trouble, that kids can get what they want, when they want it. Children are unaware of the harm and trauma they are putting their bodies through at such a young age. Childhood obesityRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States, the busiest country on over the world, is being threatened by the obesity, especially children. Compare with the past 30 years, in 2012, the number of children are obese increases doubled (Childhood Obesity Facts). The major elements that lead to the childhood obesity not only come from the invisible factor are family’s gene, but also the environment grow them up as school and the influence of technology in the modern society. But if the parent and school have a positive behaviorRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1871 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood obesity has been more than doubled in the past 30 years and it increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012 according to the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Childhood obesity is a very genuine therapeutic condition that influences children. It happens when the child is above the typical weight for his or her age and height. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects both the children and adults. Childhood obesity is not only an issue in developed countries

Prohibiting Night Clubs - 1025 Words

2/25/2013 Essay 1 Under aged Clubbing Prohibiting nightclubs from admitting people under age twenty-one will take some weight off of parents, club owners, drivers and innocent bystanders. With the economy sinking, many owners are making what they believe a wise financial decision by allowing eighteen to twenty year olds in their clubs. They are mixing eighteen to twenty in with the twenty-one and up crowd, as failing clubs’ owners only see more people and more money. Every night thousands of young adults eighteen to twenty years old are let into nightclubs and everyone is at a great risk. Fewer and fewer clubs are now allowing those under the drinking age into their establishment. To eliminate a cause leading to more underage drinking,†¦show more content†¦Having an â€Å"X† marked on the hand does little to nothing when attempting to prevent drinking because, if scrubbed well, it will come off. Those who want to make a change but do not want to make the club drop in revenue have come up with alter natives implied. The city and police department in Boca Raton are attempting to curve the restrictions for underage drinking at their nightclubs, by banning anyone younger than twenty-one from bars and nightclubs between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m., they are also putting cameras inside and out of nightclubs. After experiencing two nightclub shootings in 2008 and an increase in violence cameras, no longer seemed like a bad idea. Giving those under the legal drinking age separate nights can also be a good thing with fewer potential problems. Many clubs have now incorporated â€Å"teen night†. Teen night is designed for ages thirteen to eighteen with a soda bar option only and it has been known to receive a very good turnout. There are not many clubs that have a night that focuses on age groups eighteen to twenty, which is another option for separate nights. Club owners now have options other than banning those under the legal drinking age from the establishment. Owners will not have to worry about losing money, liquor license, or part of the twenty-one and up crowd. Allowing people under the drinking age limit into a club serving alcohol can result in death, rape,Show MoreRelated Club Owners Must Not Allow Underage Drinking969 Words   |  4 PagesProhibiting nightclubs from admitting people under age twenty-one will take some weight off of parents, club owners, drivers and innocent bystanders. With the economy sinking, many owners are making what they believe a wise financial decision by allowing eighteen to twenty year olds in their clubs. They are mixing eighteen to twenty in with the twenty-one and up crowd, as failing clubs owners only see more people more money. Every night thousands of young adults eighteen to twenty years old are letRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age From 21 Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year over 5,000 kids under the age of 21 die from alcohol abuse, 1 in 5 10th graders will resort to binge drinking, and alcohol continues to damage developing teen brains (Let’s Stop Teen Drinking Tragedies). While they m ay not be seen in night clubs in bars, people between the ages of 18 and 21 are subjecting themselves to unsafe usage of alcohol in private or at high school parties simply because it’s â€Å"fun† and â€Å"reckless†. So how do we as a country end this monumental epidemic? Some believeRead MoreThe Statewide Legalization Of Marijuana1592 Words   |  7 Pagesevery eight people above the age of twelve had used the drug at least once. Following the legalization of marijuana, teen use with the substance has dropped by thirty nine percent within just one year because of all the new dispensaries and laws prohibiting the drug to people under the age of twenty-one. Prior to the illegalization of alcohol in the 1920’s people loved to drink. It was a big part of the life style this caused many women to start a prohibition movement that would ban the saleRead MoreSmoking In Public Places - The Smoking Ban Backlash Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagestaking their last hauls before entering the bars for a night of drinking. Due to the smoking ban in all public work areas that has been in effect since May of 2003, restaurant and bar patrons of Boston bear the cold winter season approaching, and reminisce about the old days where it was legal to enjoy a smoke with a cocktail at a bar. In May of 2003, Boston joined 90 other communities that banned smoking in Massachusetts, prohibiting smoking in all public establishments. There are certainRead MoreGlobal Issues : Targeting Tattoos757 Words   |  4 Pageswith Officer Newton on his calls for service. As a result of these complaints, Officer Newton has been summoned to the police chief’s office for a meeting. During their meeting, Officer Newton stated he has every right to display his tattoos and prohibiting him from displaying it would violate the Fourteenth and First Amendment of the United Constitution. Officer Newton stated if the chief forbids him from displaying his body art, then the following action would be considered as a hostile work environmentRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Cell Phones1182 Words   |  5 Pagesare matured and responsible enough to take care of it. When they start growing up and becoming young adults, I think they deserve to be trusted with their own cell phone. Not only are the y maturing, but they are now starting to drive and join school clubs and activities. Kids start driving and getting up to middle and high school around the age of fifteen. I think this is the perfect age to earn their first cell phone and prove they can handle the responsibility it requires. Do kids feel safer withRead MoreRedbox Environmental Analysis Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by prohibiting agreements or practices that restrict free trade and competition between business. The Economy Redbox is in the movie rental business. The present state of economy may actually increase Redbox’s business as more people would rent a movie instead of going to the theaters or owning the movie. Redbox’s rentals are reasonably priced at one dollar a night making it very affordable to rent it even in this bad economy. Read MoreEssay about Equal Rights for the Gay Community1413 Words   |  6 Pages2001, the  Netherlands  became the first nation in the world to grant  same-sex marriages. Proponents argue that same-sex couples should have access to the same marriage benefits and public acknowledgment enjoyed by heterosexual couples and that prohibiting gay marriage is unconstitutional discrimination. Opponents argue that altering the traditional definition of marriage as between a man and a woman will further weaken a threatened institution and that legalizing gay marriage is a slippery slopeRead MoreFreedom Of Speech Should be Limited Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrights. The first amendment applies to every single citizen in the country, but most of them do not even know what it is about or what it means. The first amendment states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. In other words, the first amendment defends humans rightsRead MoreThe Modern Debate Concerning Gun Control1490 Words   |  6 Pagescould be very dangerous and risky, seeing there is no telling what these people have in mind as to what to do with that gun. In 1999, congress made an act called the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act. This act was prohibiting illegal immigrants, or in other words non-US citizens, from obtaining firearms. The Gun Control Act of 1968 made the group of people that could not obtain a firearm larg er; causing individuals that have a misdemeanor not be able to own or purchase

Corning Z Free Essays

Corning -Z- Glass Corning Glass Works was a leader corporation in the development of glass and ceramic products. After so many years of success Z-Glass was facing decline in the yields at the Harrisburg Plant. Trying to find the problem and a solution for it, a group of engineers from the (ME) was assigned to the plant in December 1977 under the leadership of Eric Davidson. We will write a custom essay sample on Corning Z or any similar topic only for you Order Now Davidson’s Team were faced with a lot of challenges and a tens relationship accord in some department between team and line personnel, due to the fear that the team will cause the line personnel to lose their jobs. There were so many reasons that could cause the yield to decline . T. V Tube casing was corning’s most successful product and RCA ( a major Corning customer) opened it own plant to make glass funnels and front plates , and some of Cornering experienced employees went to work to RCA taking all the important information with them . Thomas MacAvov President of the company noticed that a poor job had been done in transferring the products from the lab into production . Most of the responsibility of this transfer fell on Untried ME Division . David Leibson VP of ME chose Eric Davidson to lead the Harrisburg project. Davidson started selecting members of the ME team in the first weeks. he started with choosing four . Davidson used the receivership approach , every solution has to be accepted by the plant, they have to rally own the changes. If I was in the position of David leibson I think this approach is a really good one, as these are the people who are going to work on the project and communication between the managers and the plant. Andrew MacTavish was the Harrisburg plant manager ,he was a man known as a champion of the little people . MacTavish came to conflict with Eric Davidson , for the conflict of interest. Davidson should try to convince the plant of his way in more flexible approach . he should let the know that they will not lose their jobs . documenting the presses is something that should be done in order to pass the knowledge to all the coming technicians and engineers. All way communication should be influenced . How to cite Corning Z, Papers

Shermans Antitrust Essay Example For Students

Shermans Antitrust Essay Whilst approaching the Twenty-first Century, America has taken significantstrides in the advancement of high technology. With the unveiling of this newfrontier comes continued innovation and government regulation. One aspect of thegovernment in particular, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, has impeded theprogress of exploration into this new field; for the effectiveness of governmentis a nefarious hindrance to the efficiency of technology. Thus comes the age oldquestion of who governs and to what ends. As a solution government should adopta more Adam Smith approach to the regulation of high technology; the ShermanAnti-Trust Act should be amended by the legislature to allow more leeway for thetechnological and dynamic computer industry. The result of such an amendment,especially in a world economy such as ours, would allow American computercompanies to thrive and compete with foreign companies as well as lead the wayinto the technological future of the Twenty-first Century. In the a ge of reformas a result of public sentiment, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of1890, named for Senator John Sherman. The one hundred and eight year old ShermanAct forbids monopolizing a market or engaging in any restraint of trade.Today unlawful restraints fall under three categories: 1) having too largea market share; 2) tying the sale of one product to another; 3) predatorypricing. For the past century the federal government has been pursuing apopulist attack on big businessesRCA, U.S. Steel, IBM, ATT, Brown Shoe,AP, etc. Most of the companies were ahead of their time and theircompetitors allowing them to become a successful, albeit big, businesses;however, due to government intervention and anti-trust investigation on thebasis of the outdated Sherman Act, many of these cutting edge businesses werehindered in their progress for success. The market became a better trustbusterthan the Department of Justice, maybe even better than big-stick, trust-bustingTeddy Roosevelt. I n 1969 the International Business Machines Corp. dominated themarket with a 65% share of the computer industry. As a result of this success,the U.S. government sued IBM for having too large a market share and demandedthe company be dismantled. As the effectiveness of government and theSherman Anti-Trust Act were played out in the courts the advancement oftechnology increased significantly with new companies sprouting up (i.e. Intel,Microsoft). After the battle between IBM and the Justice Department was droppedin 1982, 13 years later, the fiercely dynamic computer industry had alreadychecked the growth of IBM and the once monolithic enterprise was now headed intotroubled waters. Another prime example is General Motors, who although werenever investigated by the government for anti-trust, always had the fear ofencountering the trust problem if they were too successful. Consequentlyautomobile technology and manufacturing in America remained dormant while theJapanese in the 1980s rocked the American market. The current mammothcorporation under the Justice Department anti-trust microscope is Microsoft. We will write a custom essay on Shermans Antitrust specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This software oriented company stands accused of tying the sale of one productto the sale of another (Microsoft operating system and Internet Explorer) andpredatory pricing. The following table illustrates the historic timeline ofMicrosoft verses the United States government. August 1993 The JusticeDepartment begins investigating Microsofts business practices. October 1994Microsoft announces plans to buy Intuit, developer of Quicken, the leadingpersonal finance program. When the Justice Department sues to block theacquisition, Microsoft calls off the deal. June 1995 Court upholds the JusticeDepartment/Microsoft consent decree. Microsoft agrees not to tie the licensingof Windows to the licensing of other applications, but retains the right todevelop integrated products. September 1996 The Justice Department beginsinvestigating Microsofts bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows 95. April1997 Justice Department investigates Micorsofts plan to buy WebTV Networks;later allows deal to g o forward. August 1997 Justice Department reviewsMicrosofts investment in Apple Computer. October 1997 Department charges thatby requiring computer vendors to load Internet Explorer on all systems, Micosoftis in violation of the 1995 consent decree. December 1997 U.S. District CourtJudge Thomas P. Jackson orders that the tying of IE 4.0 to Windows betemporarily halted. Microsoft appeals. On December 11, 1997, Judge Jacksonsruling against Microsoft could forever alter the technological landscape. If theUnited States government were to succeed in its efforts it would establish arisky precedent: governmental meddling in software development. In his testimonyto Congress, Mr. Gates asked members of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Willthe United States continue its breathtaking technological advances? I believethe answer is yesif innovation is not restricted by government. Chairman,Senator Orrin G. Hatch (R. Utah), and other committee members heard from sixcomputer industry figures on Mar ch 3, 1998. Microsoft asserts that Explorer isnot a separate product but an integrated feature of Windowsand thus anallowable improvement to the operating system under the consent decree. Byhaving the legislature modify the antiquated anti-trust law to accommodate therapid technological pace two things will happen. The first of which is theefficiency and innovation of the computer industry will be able to run itscourse and reach its full potential with limited government intervention. .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b , .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .postImageUrl , .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b , .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:hover , .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:visited , .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:active { border:0!important; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:active , .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5049c45d03ef39f708e5e4c8dffd783b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: food, nutrition and weight loss EssaySecondly, the effectiveness of the Judiciary in regulating trusts will not becompromised, only shifted to a new arena, one which is acclimatized to thedigital age. Robert Bork, an eminent legal philosopher, points out in his 1978book The Antitrust Paradox, The general movement has been away from the idealof competition and toward the older idea of protected status for each producer,away from concern for interest groups, and away form the ideal of liberty towardthe ideal of enforced equality. Hopefully, by amending the current law tostay in tune with our technologically advancing society the opposite of whatBork commented on will be true .